Side biases of feral horses: species-typical specializations

  • Miss Nicole Austin, Universtiy of New England, Australia
  • Prof Lesley Rogers, University of New England, Australia
  • Visual side biases and limb preferences have been shown recently in domestic horses. In order to determine whether these asymmetries are species-typical or generated by human handling we conducted observational field studies of feral horses in two locations: Mona Mona Aboriginal Mission (N=19), Queensland and Oxley Wild Rivers National Park (N=34), NSW, Australia. Agonistic interactions of 7 stallions were scored from video-taped stallion fights. A significant left-eye preference to view the conspecific was found in bouts containing intense aggressive responses (Wilcoxon, Z=-2.03, p=.042; medianleft=34; medianright=18), compared to no significant eye preference for bouts with only threats. This left-eye bias for aggression, which reflects use of the right hemisphere, has also been found in a number of other species and has implications for the side of handling horses. We also recorded the forelimb placed in front of the other forelimb during grazing in 53 feral horses (77-133 scores per horse) and found no significant population bias (mean %preferenceleft=50.9, SE=1.0). However, the strength of limb preference differed significantly between 13 young horses (age<2year), 20 mares and 20 stallions, F(2,50)=10.53, p<.001. The young horses had stronger limb preferences (mean %preferenceabsolute=60.20, SE=1.49) than mares (mean %preferenceabsolute=54.13, SE=0.86; p=.001) and stallions (mean %preferenceabsolute=53.79, SE=0.77; p<.001). In fact, 6 of the 13 young horses displayed significant individual limb preferences compared to only 4 of the 40 adults. Our findings demonstrate that, as in domestic horses, perceptual and motor laterality is present in feral horses. However, whereas limb preference develops with age in domestic horses, it disappears with age in feral horses. Hence, experience may change limb preference in horses. In the natural environment, the change is toward ambidexterity, which would allow greater versatility in rapid movements during flight. Domestic horses may lack this requirement for ambidexterity or conventional left-side handling could entrain left-limb preferences.