Monitoring grazing patterns and habitat selection of the Scottish Blackface, a traditional hill sheep breed, compared with a crossbred, Scottish Blackface x Texel using GPS Satellite telemetry collars
Environmentally sustainable grazing regimes are an important aspect of domestic livestock farming in upland hill areas. The aim of this study was to investigate grazing patterns, habitat selection and spatial distribution of the Scottish Blackface, a traditional hill sheep breed, compared with a crossbred, Scottish Blackface x Texel in a natural, free ranging environment. Animals involved in this study were two-year-old females, reared on the hill, grazing 163 hectares. GPS collars were programmed to record GPS locations at 30-minute intervals between 06:00 hr-22:00 hr (day) and 60 minute intervals between 22:00 hr-06:00 hr (night). Monitoring took place during May to October 2008. Four GPS collars were available. Collars were placed on two ewes from each breed, ewes were returned to the flock and grazed as normal. Collars were changed to different ewes approximately every 4 weeks. Results from eighteen ewes, nine per breed were suitable for analysis. Habitat mapping was carried out; aerial photos were used as a base, followed by ground mapping. Information was entered into ArcView GIS.3.2. Habitat maps were created and combined with collar data. Results were recorded for percentage occurrence on habitats, altitude and distance moved. Data were analysed by Analysis of Variance using Genstat, analysing day time, night time and 24-hr period movements separately. Scottish Blackface occurred more often in heather habitats than the Scottish Blackface x Texel, both day and night (P>0.05). Scottish Blackface x Texel occurred more often in Juncus habitats both day and night (P>0.05). Scottish Blackface grazed at higher altitudes (P>0.01). Distance moved and area covered also showed significant differences between breeds. Results indicate that Scottish Blackface ewes display better characteristics for grazing and managing vegetation on hill environments. Better knowledge of breed habitat selection, foraging behaviour and grazing patterns could be used as an indicator for grazing management.