Problem solving in dingoes (Canis lupus dingo): an example using the detour task
We investigated the problem solving ability of 20 sanctuary raised dingoes using the 'detour task', which required them to find their way to a food reward placed behind a transparent V-shaped fence. Dingoes were randomly allocated to one of four experimental conditions (inward detour, outward detour, inward detour with option of using one of two doors in the fence, or inward detour after witnessing a human demonstrator). Four trials were given for each condition, with the fifth trial reversed (i.e., inward detour became outward detour, open doors were closed, or no demonstration was provided). Recent studies have found that domestic dogs generally perform poorly on the 'detour task', with 28-42% unable to solve the inward detour task within 60 seconds on the first trial, and the remaining dogs taking 20-40 seconds to reach the reward. Dogs do not significantly improve performance, even after six trials, and find it difficult to generalise problem solving strategies when the condition is reversed. Dingoes however, were highly successful at this task, averaging 10.25 seconds (ąSE 1.96) and making minimal errors (MeanąSE = 0.63ą0.26) on the first trial of the inward detour condition (N=8). Dingo performance significantly improved within the four trials (Friedman Test: P=.010). Further, they adapted their problem solving strategies when the condition was reversed, with no significant difference in latency between trials 1 (MeanąSE = 10.25ą1.96) and 5 (MeanąSE = 8.88ą1.32; Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test: z = -1.400, P=.161, two tailed). Similar results were obtained for the other three conditions. This study is the first to test a wild canid on the V-shaped version of the 'detour task'. Overall, the results are in line with previous findings which suggest that wild canids (Canis lupus) are more adept at non-social problem solving than domestic dogs.