The influence of breed on canine ageing
The longevity of different dog breeds generally declines with size. This has led to the assumption that larger breeds age prematurely. If valid, this represents a significant challenge in canine ethology. The current study used a cognito-behavioural survey of older dog (>8 years) owners to explore five broad domains: ingestion; locomotion; owner interaction; housesoiling; and aggression. Questions (n=84) were designed to capture the frequency of behavioural responses and also any change in frequency over the previous 6 months. After dogs with neurological or cognitive disorders were excluded, scaled survey responses from normally ageing dogs (N= 623. representing 100 breeds, from 11 countries) were dichotomised and analysed using binary logistic regression to correct for age. When split into three breed longevity categories, the percentage of longer-lived breeds showed a high frequency of: post-prandial hunger; hypodipsia; aggression; and avoidance of their owners was 13.8, 13.4, 17.2 and 6.8% higher (p<0.05) respectively than short-lived breeds. When split into three breed size categories, dogs in the large-breed group showed aggression or fearfulness 7.7 and 10.6% less frequently (p<0.05) respectively than those in the small-breed group. Reported increases in aggression or time spent eating were also 7.3 and 2% less likely respectively. Conversely, the percentage of larger breeds showing: polydipsia; minimal activity; walking into walls; grooming conspecifics; and reported declines in obedience was 49.9, 7.3, 3.8, 7.6 and 13.9% higher (p<0.05) than small breeds. Interestingly, despite some increases in disease (reported elsewhere), aged short-lived and large breeds (i.e. those assumed to age prematurely) had fewer reported unwelcome behaviours. Overall the high percentage of unaffected behaviours in both analyses (92% and 87% respectively) suggests that cognito-behavioural ageing does not affect dog breeds at different rates. The apparent absence of variability between size and longevity groups should facilitate the study of canine senescence in the community.